glscz

1 rarefied [usually before noun]
1 a rarefied place, organization, or type of activity is only available to or understood by a small group of people - used to show disapproval:
the rarefied atmosphere of academia
2 rarefied air is the air in high places, which has less oxygen than usual

2 recalcitrant adj
refusing to do what you are told to do, even after you have been punished [= unruly]:
a recalcitrant pupil
—recalcitrance noun [uncountable]

3 recant (religion) v
to say publicly that you no longer have a political or religious belief that you had before
recantation noun [uncountable and countable]

4 recondite adj
recondite facts or subjects are not known about or understood by many people [= obscure]

5 refractory adj
1 formal : deliberately not obeying someone in authority and being difficult to deal with or control [= unruly]
2 medical : a refractory disease or illness is hard to treat or cure


deliberate = intended or planned [≠ unintentional; = intentional]:
relevant = directly relate

6 refute v
1 to prove that a statement or idea is not correct [= rebut]
refute a hypothesis/a claim/an idea etc
an attempt to refute Darwin's theories

2 to say that a statement is wrong or unfair [= deny]
refute an allegation/a suggestion etc
She refuted any allegations of malpractice.


—refutable adjective
—refutation noun [uncountable and countable]

7 relegate v (sport)
to give someone or something a less important position than before
Women tended to be relegated to typing and filing jobs.

2 British English : if a sports team is relegated, it is moved into a lower division [≠ promote]
We were relegated to the Fourth Division last year.

—relegation noun [uncountable]

8 reproach n
1 [uncountable] criticism, blame, or disapproval:
'You don't need me,' she said quietly, without reproach.

2 [countable] a remark that expresses criticism, blame, or disapproval:
He argued that the reproaches were unfair.

3 above/beyond reproach impossible to criticize [= perfect]:
His behaviour throughout this affair has been beyond reproach.

4 a reproach to somebody/something
something that should make a person, society etc feel bad or ashamed:
These derelict houses are a reproach to the city.

9 reprobate n
someone who behaves in an immoral way - often used humorously
—reprobate adjective

10 repudiate v
to refuse to accept or continue with something [= reject]:
He repudiated all offers of friendship.

2 to state or show that something is not true or correct:
The book repudiates the racist stereotypes about black women.
—repudiation noun [uncountable]

stereotype =a belief or idea of what a particular type of person or thing is like
the stereotypical Californian - tall, fit, and tanned